Which symptom described for Jessica indicates anemia?

• A. Jaundice
• B. Paleness and shortness of breath with exertion
• C. Edema
• D. Night sweats

Answer: (B)

Anemia lowers the blood’s ability to carry oxygen, so the body shows signs of reduced oxygen delivery. Paleness occurs because there is less hemoglobin in the blood, giving the skin a lighter color. Shortness of breath with exertion happens as tissues demand more oxygen during activity, but the blood isn’t delivering enough, so the body compensates by increasing breathing effort.

Jaundice can appear if red blood cells are being destroyed, but that points to a specific cause (hemolysis) rather than the general presentation of anemia. Edema reflects fluid balance or heart/vascular issues, not the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood. Night sweats are nonspecific and not typical indicators of anemia.

So the combination of paleness and exertional shortness of breath most directly signals anemia.